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When one man escapes his chains, he emerges into the outside world to see the real objects that had been casting their shadows. These men only ever see shadows of people passing from outside.Īs the men in the cave have never seen outside of the cave, they believe the shadows are all that there is in the world.
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In Book 7 of The Republic, Plato tells a story of men chained inside a cave facing a wall. Plato’s cave is one of the earliest and most famous forms of allegory. In philosophy: 'Allegory of the Cave' by Plato (380 BC) Arrogance and over-confidence are vices to be avoided if a person is to succeed in life. The story is an allegorical tale of the triumph of perseverance and hard work over natural talent. The tortoise passes the sleeping hare and goes on to win the race despite being the slower of the two animals. The hare gets a big head start in race before stopping for a sleep. The tortoise responds by challenging the hare to a race.
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In The Tortoise and the Hare, Aesop tells the story of a hare who taunts a tortoise for being slow. In fable: 'The Tortoise and the Hare' by Aesop (620 BC) In this example, you can see that the allegory is the story’s one big idea while the symbol is a literary device used in the creation of the allegorical message. For example, the pigs in Animal Farm are symbols of oligarchs while the allegory is that communism leads to concentration of power and, eventually, corruption. Symbols are used in the creation of allegorical texts.
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Furthermore, allegories tend to act as motifs that span the full length of a text while symbols can be one-off representations in a single scene. What is the difference between allegory and symbolism?Īllegories are abstract big ideas while symbols are usually attached to an individual character, object or setting. Through allegory, layers of complexity can be added to characters’ personalities, events within the story and the symbolism behind settings discussed within the storyline. Authors who want to create complex worlds in their storylines may insert several allegorical elements into a story. This makes many allegories appealing for putting forward opinions on complex moral issues.Īllegory also adds complexity to narratives. Allegorical stories can capture emotion, context and mood effectively. Why do authors use allegory?Īuthors who use allegory want to share their own perspectives on moral, philosophical and political issues.Īllegory is often more effective than direct literal explanation. Ever since, allegory has been a well-known rhetorical device used by writers. During Roman times there was a shift from allegorical interpretation to allegorical writing.
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Philosophers such as Plato aimed to interpret allegorical meaning underpinning events and mythologies of ancient Greek literature.Īllegorical interpretation was also dominant amongst early Jewish, Islamic and Christian scholars who tried to uncover deep hidden meanings within spiritual texts.Īllegorical writing is the intentional act of creating texts with two meanings. Allegorical interpretation is a form of reading that aims to uncover deep truths in a text.Īllegorical interpretation has its origins in Greek philosophy. There are two distinct types of allegory: allegorical interpretation and allegorical writing.Īllegorical interpretation is understood as the oldest from of allegory. It is not common to find allegories in essays, biographies or historical texts because these texts are usually literal not figurative. Popular text types which involve allegory include poems, novels, short stories, fables, parables and films. Due to their figurative style, allegorical texts are good examples of texts that ‘show’ rather than ‘tell’ authors’ perspectives.Īllegory is generally used in fiction rather than non-fiction texts. They therefore require interpretation from readers. Characteristics of allegoryĪllegorical stories are figurative rather than literal. As a writer, you can use allegorical stories to teach lessons about life, morality, politics, or any other issue you feel needs to be explored. Often, the literal meaning is designed to entertain the reader, whilst the underlying allegorical meaning has a profound message or social commentary that the author wants to portray.Īllegorical messages tend to pass on deep truths or important insights to readers. Rather, it is conveyed through literary devices such as metaphor, personification and synecdoche.Ī story that contains allegory usually has a double meaning. The message is rarely directly mentioned by the author. An allegory is a subtle or hidden message embedded within a storyline.